法律翻譯需要譯員有較強(qiáng)的詞匯以及懂得法律知識(shí)，那么上海臻云翻譯公司給大家分享法律術(shù)語翻譯要掌握什么?
Legal translation requires translators to have strong vocabulary and understand legal knowledge. What should we master in legal terminology translation?
1、使用功能對等詞
1. Using functional equivalents
我國和其他國家的法律術(shù)語，都有其特定的法律意義與效果，不可以隨便改變形式。因此，譯者在進(jìn)行法律術(shù)語翻譯的時(shí)候，應(yīng)盡量尋求在本國法律中與原詞對等或是接近對等的正式術(shù)語而不是任意自創(chuàng)新詞，以免給讀者來帶誤導(dǎo)，引起歧義或是解釋上的爭議。功能對等詞指的是目標(biāo)語法律體系中與原語法律體系中的某一特定概念具有相同功能的詞。功能對等詞通常是在法律術(shù)語翻譯中沒有確切對等詞的時(shí)候使用。在沒有確切的對等詞的情況下，選擇哪個(gè)詞作為翻譯的功能對等詞，取決于目標(biāo)語中術(shù)語概念與原語中術(shù)語概念的功能是否對等。
The legal terms of China and other countries have their specific legal significance and effect, and the form can not be changed arbitrarily. Therefore, when translating legal terms, translators should try their best to seek formal terms equivalent to or close to the original words in their own laws, rather than arbitrarily creating new words, so as not to mislead readers, cause ambiguity or dispute over interpretation. Functional equivalents refer to words in the target language legal system that have the same function as a specific concept in the source language legal system. Functional equivalents are usually used when there is no exact equivalent in the translation of legal terms. When there is no exact equivalent, which word is chosen as the functional equivalent depends on whether the function of the term concept in the target language is equivalent to that in the source language.
2、無對等詞的翻譯
2. Translation without equivalents
對等的概念是相對的，而不是絕對的。由于法律制度上存在著差異，國外的許多有關(guān)概念、原理或規(guī)范的專業(yè)術(shù)語在我國的法律中是完全不存在的，因此也無對等或是接近的對等詞。遇到此種情形，法律術(shù)語翻譯工作者不妨通過對原詞意譯做出正確的理解后，將之譯為非法律專業(yè)用語的中性詞，以免發(fā)生混淆。
The concept of equivalence is relative, not absolute. Due to the differences in legal systems, many foreign professional terms related to concepts, principles or norms do not exist in China's law, so there is no equivalent or close equivalent. In this case, translators of legal terms may as well translate the original words into neutral words of non legal professional terms after making a correct understanding of the free translation of the original words, so as to avoid confusion.
3、釋義
3. Interpretation
釋義就是用目標(biāo)語里的中性語言把原語的含義表達(dá)出來?？梢宰屇繕?biāo)語的讀者更好地理解原語的含義，而不是只停留在字面意思上，從而可提高可讀性。需要注意的是，當(dāng)法律術(shù)語翻譯工作者采用釋義的方法時(shí)，實(shí)際上是在扮演一個(gè)由起草者的角色，所以要特別謹(jǐn)慎，并且盡可能的掌握第一手材料，正確理解原語的真正含義。法律術(shù)語翻譯工作者如果單就字面意義直譯或是望文生義的話，就無法將原詞的真正含義準(zhǔn)確完整的表達(dá)出來。
Interpretation is to express the meaning of the source language in the neutral language of the target language. It can make the target language readers better understand the meaning of the original language, rather than just stay in the literal meaning, so as to improve readability. It should be noted that when legal terminology translators adopt the method of interpretation, they are actually playing the role of drafter, so they should be particularly careful, master first-hand materials as much as possible and correctly understand the real meaning of the original language. Legal terminology translators cannot express the true meaning of the original word accurately and completely if they only translate literally or literally.
4、譯借
4. Translation and borrowing
中國法制不斷健全、完善的過程也是不斷豐富中國法律術(shù)語的過程，而譯借就是豐富法律術(shù)語體系的一個(gè)好方法。由于外語詞和漢語詞在發(fā)音、書寫上都存在著很大的不同，外語借詞進(jìn)入漢語法律術(shù)語體系時(shí)，一般經(jīng)過了“歸化”的過程，也就是借詞在音韻上或是書寫上經(jīng)過稍微改動(dòng)，使它與漢語的本土詞相似。所以說，譯借也是進(jìn)行法律術(shù)語翻譯的一種很好的方法。
The process of perfecting China's legal system is also a process of enriching Chinese legal terms, and translation and borrowing is a good way to enrich the legal term system. Because there are great differences in pronunciation and writing between foreign language words and Chinese words, when foreign language loanwords enter the Chinese legal terminology system, they generally go through the process of "domestication", that is, the loanwords have been slightly changed in phonology or writing to make them similar to Chinese local words. Therefore, translation borrowing is also a good way to translate legal terms.
