翻譯的原文和譯文在表達(dá)上不能有偏差的，但是中英文的語(yǔ)言差異，譯員需要在筆譯過(guò)程中對(duì)譯文做一些處理，下面上海臻云人工翻譯機(jī)構(gòu)給大家分享筆譯的基本翻譯技巧有什么?
There should be no deviation between the original translation and the translation. However, due to the language differences between Chinese and English, translators need to deal with the translation in the translation process. What are the basic translation skills shared by Shanghai Zhenyun artificial translation agency?
一、增譯主語(yǔ)
1、 Added translation subject
由于英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣，常常用一些抽象名詞作為主語(yǔ)，而中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣則需要把抽象變?yōu)榫唧w;英文中常常會(huì)為了避免重復(fù)而多用介詞，中文則不怕重復(fù)，一個(gè)詞會(huì)用上好幾遍;英語(yǔ)中的復(fù)數(shù)名詞譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常加入這些、各種、種種等，要視具體語(yǔ)境情況而定。
Because of the English expression habit, some abstract nouns are often used as subjects, while the Chinese expression habit needs to change the abstract into concrete; English often uses prepositions to avoid repetition, while Chinese is not afraid of repetition, and a word can be used several times; when the plural nouns in English are translated into Chinese, these, various, various, etc. are often added, depending on the specific context 。
二、增譯謂語(yǔ)
2、 Add predicate
英語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)相同謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常會(huì)省略，以使句子不那么贅余。而中文中則要譯出來(lái)，使其表達(dá)更加地道;英文中的介詞短語(yǔ)譯為中文時(shí)往往要增譯動(dòng)詞;有些英語(yǔ)中的名詞在譯為中文時(shí)要加入相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞，使其意義更加完整，表達(dá)更加明確。
When two or more same predicates appear in English, they are often omitted to make the sentence less redundant. While in Chinese, it is necessary to translate it to make its expression more authentic; when translating prepositional phrases into Chinese, it is often necessary to add translation verbs; when translating some nouns into Chinese, it is necessary to add corresponding verbs to make their meaning more complete and express more clearly.
三、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
3、 Adverbial of time
1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常?？梢灾苯臃g，一般譯到主句前。
1. Adverbials of time can often be translated directly, usually before the main sentence.
2.有的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞除了表示時(shí)間以外，還會(huì)附帶條件性，所以在翻譯的時(shí)候要譯出條件關(guān)系。
2. Some time adverbial clause leaders not only express time, but also attach conditionality, so they should translate conditionality.
四、原因狀語(yǔ)
4、 Causative adverbial
1. 英語(yǔ)中的狀語(yǔ)位置較為靈活，既可以放在主句前也可置于主句后，而中文表達(dá)常常遵循“前因后果”的順序，所以在翻譯的時(shí)候也要注意調(diào)整語(yǔ)序。
1. The adverbial position in English is more flexible, which can be placed before or after the main sentence, while Chinese expression often follows the order of "cause and effect", so we should also pay attention to adjusting the word order in translation.
2.但上述情況也不是絕對(duì)的，原因狀語(yǔ)也可放在主句后，這樣也對(duì)應(yīng)了漢語(yǔ)中的結(jié)構(gòu)“之所以……是因?yàn)椤薄?/p>
2. But the above situation is not absolute. The reason adverbial can also be placed after the subject sentence, which also corresponds to the structure "why Because ".
五、目的狀語(yǔ)
5、 Objective adverbial
1. 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，目的狀語(yǔ)放在主句前翻譯，把說(shuō)明情況的主句放在后面。
1. Generally speaking, the target adverbial should be translated before the main sentence and the main sentence explaining the situation should be translated after it.
2. 目的狀語(yǔ)也可譯在主句后邊，表示以免、以防、使得、生怕等等。
2. The target adverbial can also be translated after the main sentence to indicate avoidance, avoidance, causation, fear, etc.
六、譯成漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句
6、 Active sentences translated into Chinese
1. 一般被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命的主語(yǔ)，翻譯時(shí)常常要將原文主語(yǔ)譯為漢語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)。
1. The subject of a general passive sentence is an inanimate subject, which is often translated into Chinese.
2.主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)顛倒位置
2. Subject object reversed position
一般英語(yǔ)中當(dāng)動(dòng)作主體的詞前加上by時(shí)或由介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成時(shí)，那么在譯文中by后邊的動(dòng)作主體詞或該介詞短語(yǔ)中的名詞就要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)則是原文中的主語(yǔ)。
In general English, when by is added before the action subject or is composed of prepositional phrases, then the action subject word or noun in the prepositional phrase after by should act as the subject in the translation, and the object is the subject in the original text.
3.增加主語(yǔ)
3. Add subject
一些被動(dòng)句在譯為主動(dòng)句時(shí)要增加一些主語(yǔ)，比如我們、人們、大家等等。
When translating some passive sentences into active ones, we should add some subjects, such as us, people, everyone and so on.
七、譯成漢語(yǔ)中的無(wú)主句
7、 Translating into Chinese sentences without subject
漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句較多，也是我們的思維方式和說(shuō)話表達(dá)習(xí)慣等因素有關(guān)。很多情況下，我們和處于同一背景生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境下的人聊天，都不需要說(shuō)主語(yǔ)，但是對(duì)方大多數(shù)情況下，都能理解你的意思。
There are many Chinese sentences without subject, which is also related to our thinking mode, speaking habits and other factors. In many cases, we don't need to speak the subject when chatting with people in the same background, but most of the time, the other party can understand what you mean.
八、譯成被動(dòng)句
8、 Translation into passive sentences
并不一定是所有英文中的被動(dòng)句都譯為中文的主動(dòng)句。當(dāng)一些被動(dòng)句著重在強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)意義，這時(shí)突出的是被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，那么這種情況下就要仍然譯為被動(dòng)句。在漢語(yǔ)中，要用這些語(yǔ)言表示被動(dòng)意義，比如：被、受、遭、讓、給、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、為……所、由……來(lái)”等等。
It is not necessarily that all passive sentences in English are translated into active sentences in Chinese. When some passive sentences emphasize the passive meaning and the passive actions are highlighted, they should still be translated into passive sentences. In Chinese, we should use these languages to express passive meaning, such as be, receive, be, give, give, by, hold, get, receive, give, get, for By Come on, "wait.
對(duì)于包含技術(shù)性的翻譯來(lái)說(shuō)，就像學(xué)習(xí)自行車(chē)一樣，總要經(jīng)歷跌跌撞撞的時(shí)刻，最后是不知不覺(jué)地學(xué)會(huì)了，翻譯也一樣，大家一定要多多練習(xí)，掌握必要的解題技巧，反復(fù)琢磨;當(dāng)然具體情況具體分析，翻譯不可能會(huì)有一個(gè)多么固定完美的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案，都教授給大家整理了翻譯步驟：
For technical translation, just like learning a bicycle, you always have to experience a moment of stumbling and bumping. At last, you unconsciously learn it. Translation is also the same. You must practice a lot, master the necessary problem-solving skills, and think about it again and again. Of course, the specific situation of specific analysis, translation can't have a fixed and perfect standard answer, all of which are taught to you The translation steps are sorted out:
1.通讀全句，確定主干，劃分意群。
1. Read through the whole sentence, determine the main line and divide the meaning group.
2.選擇詞義，調(diào)整語(yǔ)序，適當(dāng)加工。
2. Select the meaning of words, adjust the word order, and properly process them.
在這一步驟指導(dǎo)下，在掌握一些翻譯技巧的基礎(chǔ)上要親自動(dòng)手動(dòng)嘴翻譯，切忌感覺(jué)翻譯出來(lái)了就對(duì)答案，這樣不會(huì)有長(zhǎng)進(jìn)的，只有把翻譯不好的地方多多琢磨，想想如何在下次能夠翻譯的更貼切一些。
Under the guidance of this step, on the basis of mastering some translation skills, we need to translate manually by ourselves. We must not feel that the answer will be right after the translation, so that there will be no progress. We have to think more about the bad translation and think about how to translate more appropriately next time.
